Know More About Osteoarthritis and Physiotherapy Treatment

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common joint conditions, affecting millions of people worldwide. It’s often called a “wear-and-tear” arthritis because it develops when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of your bones gradually breaks down. This leads to joint pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility — impacting daily activities like walking, climbing stairs, or even gripping objects.

What is Osteoarthritis?

Osteoarthritis occurs when the smooth cartilage inside a joint wears away, causing bones to rub against each other. This can lead to swelling, pain, and limited range of motion. OA can affect any joint, but it’s most common in:

• Knees

• Hips

• Hands

• Spine

Causes and Risk Factors

While aging is the leading risk factor, osteoarthritis can affect younger people too. Common causes and risk factors include:

• Age – Wear and tear over time

• Genetics – Family history of arthritis

• Previous injuries – Sports injuries or accidents

• Obesity – Extra weight adds stress to weight-bearing joints

• Repetitive stress – Jobs or activities that put constant pressure on certain joints

Symptoms of Osteoarthritis

The symptoms can vary from mild to severe, but common signs include:

• Joint pain during or after movement

• Stiffness, especially after periods of rest

• Tenderness when pressing on the joint

• Swelling or inflammation

• A grating sensation or clicking sound during movement

• Reduced flexibility

Role of Physiotherapy in Osteoarthritis Treatment

While osteoarthritis has no permanent cure, physiotherapy plays a vital role in managing symptoms, improving joint function, and preventing further damage.

Physiotherapists focus on:

1. Pain Management – Using therapeutic exercises, heat therapy, ultrasound, or TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) to reduce discomfort.

2. Improving Flexibility – Stretching programs to enhance joint mobility.

3. Strengthening Muscles – Strong muscles support and protect the affected joints.

4. Posture and Movement Training – Correct movement patterns to reduce stress on joints.

5. Lifestyle Guidance – Advice on weight management, activity modification, and ergonomic changes.

Common Physiotherapy Techniques for Osteoarthritis

• Range of Motion Exercises – Keeps joints flexible.

• Strength Training – Builds muscle to reduce joint stress.

• Low-Impact Aerobic Exercises – Swimming, cycling, or walking for cardiovascular health without overloading joints.

• Hydrotherapy – Exercising in warm water to ease pain and stiffness.

• Manual Therapy – Gentle joint mobilizations to restore movement.

Self-Care Tips Along with Physiotherapy

• Maintain a healthy weight.

• Stay active but avoid high-impact activities.

• Use hot or cold packs for pain relief.

• Wear supportive footwear.

• Take breaks during long periods of activity.

Conclusion

Osteoarthritis doesn’t have to mean giving up your favorite activities or living with constant pain. With the right physiotherapy approach, you can manage symptoms effectively, improve mobility, and lead a more active, comfortable life.

If you are experiencing joint pain or stiffness, early intervention is key. Book a consultation with our expert physiotherapists to get a personalized treatment plan for your needs.